Drug-Resistant Proteus Virulence Factors Characterization and Their Inhibition Using Probiotic Bacteria

Background: The genus Proteus is a Gram-negative bacterium with unique characteristic of swarming. Mainly three species are involved in initiating urinary tract infections the community and immunocompromised patients, particularly patients going through long-term catheterization. Due to their strong virulence factors like biofilm formations, protease, hemolysin, they can lead lengthening affected individuals. Probiotics live bacteria yeasts that beneficial human health be used as an alternative for control nosocomial diseases. Lactobacilli one common probiotics mostly found yogurt other fermented foods have been substitute infection control. Objectives: current study was designed screen potential probiotic encounter antibiotic-resistant virulent species. Methods: In study, using probiotics, already known isolates (n = 25) were processed characterize inhibition. Biofilm formation, hemolysin activities studied different phenotypic detection methods. Further, genes zapA, flg, hmpA, mrp, rsbA explored genomic DNA. These resistant classes antibiotics, strategy inhibit growth by isolated from soil. Results: Virulence first, all subjected detection, 32% 8) strong, 40% 10) moderate, 16% 4) weak, 12% 3) non-biofilm producers. All positive swarming activity showing differentiated ring form growth. Protease showed 56% 14) isolates. Only 24% 6) hemolysin. molecular mechanisms studied, gene responsible amplified 17 (68%) isolates, mrp fimbria detected 19 (76%) bacterial these flagella, it revealed flg 11 (44%), 13 (52%) protease coding hmA 2 (8%) Probiotic soil samples probed antagonistic against identified Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis. inhibitory effects Proteus, crucial further metabolites shown suppressive results Proteus. Conclusions: Findings will provide new avenues drug development also help clinicians manage pathogens healthcare settings. applications useful treating pathogens. Further purification characterization options managing resistance issues microbes.